Methods of stereo recording
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Various methods of stereo recording
X-Y technique: intensity sterophonyHere there are two directional microphones at the same place, and
typically pointing at an angle 90° or more to each other. A stereo
effect is achieved simply through sound pressure level differences
of the sound entering each microphone. Due to the lack of
time-of-arrival stereo information, the stereo effect in X-Y
recordings is less realistic. When the microphones are bidirectional
the technique is called the Blumlein Pair.
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Intensity stereo is an unfortunate linguistic misnomer which has
come to mean the recording of stereophonic signals that are
distinguished only by level differences. These "level differences"
have been called "intensity" differences, but sound intensity is a
specifically defined quantity and cannot be sensed by a simple
microphone, nor would it be valuable in music recording if it could.
Our ear drums are only sensitive to the sound pressure, like
microphones.A-B technique: time-of-arrival sterophonyThis uses two omnidirectional microphones some distance apart, so
capturing time-of-arrival stereo information as well as some level
(amplitude) difference information.Near-coincident technique: mixed stereophonye.g. the ORTF stereo technique of the Office de Radio diffusion
Télévision Française = Radio France, calls for a pair of cardioid
microphones placed 17 cm apart at an angle of 110 degrees. In the
NOS stereo technique of the Nederlandse Omroep Stichting = Holland
Radio, the angle is 90 degrees and the distance is 30 cm, so
capturing time-of-arrival stereo information as well as level
information. Even the spacing of 17 cm has nothing to do with human
ear distance. The developed signals are made for stereo loudspeakers
and not for ear phones.
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