Broadcasting in stereo
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Radio
FM
In FM broadcasting, the Zenith-GE pilot-tone stereo system is used
throughout the world.
AM
Because of the limited audio quality of AM, relatively few stations
bother with stereo. Various modulation schemes are used for AM
stereo, of which the best-known is Motorola's C-QUAM.
DAB
MP2 audio streams are used.
Television
Analog TV (PAL and NTSC)
Various modulation schemes are used in different parts of the world
to broadcast more than one sound channel. These are sometimes used
to provide two mono sound channels in different languages rather
than stereo. |
Multichannel television sound is used mainly in the Americas.
NICAM is widely used in Europe.
Zweiton is used in Germany.
EIAJ FM/FM sub carrier system is used in Japan.
Digital TV
MP2 audio streams are widely used within MPEG-2 program streams.
FM radio is a broadcast technology invented by Edwin Howard
Armstrong that uses frequency modulation to provide high-fidelity
sound over broadcast radio.
The original FM broadcast band in the USA in the early-1940s was on
42-50 MHz with 0.2 MHz channel spacing. This band was abandoned
after World War II and is now allocated to a seldom-used two-way
communications service.
Throughout the world, 87.5-108 MHz (or some portion thereof) is used
as a broadcast band, with one very notable exception: Japan, which
uses its own unique 76-90 MHz band with 0.1 MHz channel spacing.
The frequency of an FM broadcast station (more strictly its assigned
nominal center frequency) is usually an exact multiple of 100 kHz.
In the Americas and Caribbean only odd multiples are used. In Italy,
multiples of 50 kHz are used.
The bandwidth of an FM transmission is normally somewhat wider than
these figures, and depends on whether stereo is used and the manner
in which the peak deviation is regulated. In the UK, for example,
broadcast licenses specify that the nominal bandwidth of the
transmission is 270 kHz.
In many countries the minimum spacing for stations intended to serve
overlapping areas is 400 kHz.
In the former Soviet republics, and some Eastern Bloc nations, an
additional older band from 65.9 to 74 MHz is also used. Assigned
frequencies are multiples of 30 kHz. This older band, sometimes
referred to as the OIRT band is slowly being phased out in many
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