Stereo system
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Stereophonic sound, commonly called stereo, is the reproduction of
sound, using two independent audio channels, through a pair of
widely separated speaker systems, in such a way as to create a
pleasant and natural impression of sound heard from various
directions as in natural hearing. It is often opposed to mono, where
audio is in the form of one channel, often centered in the sound
field.
The word "stereophonic", from Greek stereos = "solid" and phōnē =
"sound", was coined by Western Electric, by analogy with the word
"stereoscopic". Western Electric first demonstrated it at an SMPTE
meeting in 1937, then to the general public at Carnegie Hall in
1940.
In popular usage, stereo usually means 2-channel sound recording and
sound reproduction using data for more than one speaker
simultaneously.
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In technical usage, stereo or stereophony means sound recording and
sound reproduction that uses stereographic projection to encode the
relative positions of objects and events recorded. A stereo system
can include any number of channels, such as the multi-channel audio
5.1- and 6.1-channel systems used on high-end film and television
productions. However, it more commonly means only two-channel
systems.
The electronic device for playing back stereo sound is often called
"a stereo".
Stereo is derived from the term stereographic projection, which here
generates a stereo image during playback. During two-channel stereo
recording, two microphones are placed in strategic locations in
relation to the source, both record at once. Each channel will be
similar, but each will have distinct time-of-arrival difference and
sound pressure level difference information. On playback, the
listener's brain uses the subtle differences in timing and level to
triangulate the positions of the recorded objects.
Stereo recordings often cannot be played by monaural systems without
a significant loss of fidelity. Since each microphone records each
wave-front at a slightly different time, constructive and
destructive interference can occur, if both tracks are played on the
same speaker. This phenomenon is known as comb filtering. |
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